Reflective Account free essay sample

White (2007) places importance on stimulating outdoor provision emphasising the positive effect it has on minds and bodies. She suggests outdoor play is essential for children but needs considerable planning to be fruitful which my research with children will support. The outdoor play space provides a complex learning environment that is more flexible and child led than indoors and provides an area where children can make sense of the world, by play and exploration of the natural world. White 2007) Therefore as the outdoors is such an invaluable and popular part of the provision, it was an area that I felt would be valuable in gaining children’s perspectives. To enable children to have a voice and engage them in participation, I carried out a small research project with the children in my setting, to gain their perspectives on our outdoor play area. Before commencing my research with children, I considered various ethical considerations and ensured I was meeting article 12 of The United Nations Convention on the rights of the Child (United Nations 1989). We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The work was of benefit to the children by enabling their voice to be heard. By gaining their perspective their outdoor space will be based on their ideas rather than adults. Article 12 of UNICEF’s rights and responsibilities of a child (UN 1989 article 12) emphasises children’s rights to participation and be consulted when decisions affect them. It places importance on listening to children and engaging them in age and development appropriate consultations which is what I planned to carry out. I carried out research with four children. Two preschool children and two children from toddlers, as it was their area that was to be developed. To ensure the children were a reflection of the setting two girls and two boys were invited to take part, of which one was bilingual, and one was a different ethnicity to white British. The reason for this is in the setting the majority of children are white British, speaking only one language, but we also have children whom are bilingual and various ethnicities. Prior to commencing my research I gained relevant permission, and explained what I planned to do and why. I created a leaflet for the children in age appropriate language to explain about my research and why I was carrying it out. I then asked each child individually if they would like to take part and explained if at any point decided they wished to end their part in it, they can stop at any time. I also reassured them the information they gave me would be confidential and anonymous, but I asked if they would allow me to share the results with parents and practitioners, and I explained how I would use the gathered information. To enable the children’s voices to be heard, I explored various tools to engage the children from the Mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001). I disregarded using questionnaires as the children were unable to read and write so this would have been inappropriate. I disregarded role play as I didn’t feel I would get the responses I needed as directly, and I decided not to use tours as not all the children were confident communicators and they may have found this difficult. I wanted to be as inclusive as possible and ensure the technique was age and development appropriate. Therefore I chose to gather documentation by enabling the children to use cameras to take photos outdoors of what they liked and didn’t like. To ensure confidentiality of the photos taken I kept them in my private locked filing cabinet that only myself and my manager had access to. As my research required the children’s perceptions this technique ensured it was child led as were the later discussion where we came together in a quiet area to talk about why they took their particular images. This discussion enabled me to interpret what they were trying to say to me through the photos. As we looked at the photos it prompted their memory of why they had taken the picture. It was an interactive way to engage the children, and by the children taking their own photos helped lead the discussion. This approach worked well for the younger children whom were aged 2 and the child whom had an additional language as it gave them a voice without complex questions. However the difficulty with this approach was even after practice prior to the research, the younger children struggled slightly with using the camera. It was a small digital camera with buttons which were all silver; the difficulty the younger children had was holding the camera and knowing which button to press at the same time. On reflection using a child’s camera with easy to press coloured buttons would have been easier for the children to use. The research went well, the older children seemed to have more understanding but all the children were clear in what they liked and didn’t like in the outdoor space. What was surprising to find was the results were conclusive the areas that adults created without children’s input are not popular, and I was surprised that the spaces I found uninspiring were the areas the children spoke passionately about, in particular a photo of a plain open space was the beginning of a long conversation between all children about the type of imaginative play they undertake in that area, whereas my assumption on looking at the image, was it was going to be an area they didn’t like. This is a clear example that adults cannot see clearly through the eyes of a child and that children should be participating in all areas that they use as clearly stated in article 12 of the UN conventions of the rights of the child. (United Nations 1989) The children were very enthusiastic about taking part and spoke passionately about it to their peers. However although this gave the children a voice, it was only a small sample of children voices , it gave me an insight into their perspectives but I want to do this on a larger scale to ensure that all children’s voices are heard in a way that makes they feel safe, secure and valued. However this needs to be consistent throughout the setting and needs to be continual but also achievable. If children are empowered to have a voice and know they are heard, then this continual two way communication will be more achievable as the children clearly have a thirst for this. This aspect of the Mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001) would work well in the future as it allows even the less confident communicator to participate and have their voice heard without speaking. To help support my research I used part of the Mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001) which Clark and Moss (2001) call a ‘framework for listening’. It states that children are confident communicators from birth, and recognises that children communicate in different ways, whilst acknowledging the contribution children can make as ‘experts of their own lives’ (Clark 2005). The Early Years Foundation Stage (Great Britain 2007) echoes this theory, and emphasis children’s rights to have a voice and be listened to. The mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001) is a tool that can be used across settings in many ways to develop practice and support reflective practice. It recognises symbolic communication which relates to my research, as I used cameras to enable the children to communicate their likes and dislikes in the outdoor area. It is suggested by Clark and Moss (2001) that by using cameras it may assist verbal communication therefore make a positive contribution. This was evident in my research as the images taken were discussed with the children afterwards, and it worked effectively enabling me to understand the children’s perspectives at a greater depth. The Mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001) explores adult’s perceptions of children, in my case the setting had perceived ideas of what the children liked and disliked outdoors when creating the outdoor space for the children previously, without their input. These perceptions are essential as from my research it was proved what the adults thought the children wanted, they in fact did not. After completing the research and after gaining children’s permission, I held a staff meeting to feedback the results of the research and what was learnt during this module. Initially some staff were negative about children’s participation and labelled it time consuming, but after the session I held with them, and on reflection of their own practice they were able to see the benefits of giving children a voice. The mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001)goes on to discuss using practitioner and parent knowledge of the child to inform perceptions and interpret information that is gathered, for example the images that the children took outdoors in my research. The Common core (Great Britain, 2005) aspect of effective communication and engagement with children, young people and families supports this and emphasises the importance of listening and communicating with children and families in various ways, whilst being respectful and understanding individual needs. It discusses developing trusting relationships to develop communication, and the importance of involving them in decision making, as I did by sharing my research with the parents of the children involved, to support my interpretation of documentation and reflect and actively look and listen to what the children are trying to say. This research has opened the eyes of the setting and practitioners and enabled us to reflect upon how we enable children to make a positive contribution, and not only listen to children’s voices but actively seek their perspectives. Prior to reflecting on our practice it was evident that the importance of enabling children to have a voice had been overlooked. The research clearly gave children the voice they needed as they were so passionate and engaged throughout. This is an area which as a setting we will use going forward in evaluating all areas of provision. It would have been beneficial to spend more time on my research to make it more valuable by using more pieces of the mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001) however this will be a long term action which has already been initiated and will be developed over time. All children have the right to be heard and treated as equal human beings with respect, and tools such as the Mosaic approach (Clark amp; Moss 2001) are invaluable in enabling practitioners to reflect on practice and improve outcomes for children, allowing them the time and confidence they need to make a positive contribution to not just their outside play area but to a world which is theirs. References. CLARK, Alison (2005) Ways of seeing: using the mosaic approach to listen to young children’s perspectives in: CLARK, Alison. KJORHOLT, Anne Trine and MOSS, Peter (eds. ) Beyond listening: childrens perspectives on early childhood services. Reflective Account free essay sample This seemed to keep his mind off worrying about were his wife or daughter was and stopped him from wanting to walk about the ward. After a while the patient asked if he could lie down for a while, and I explained that this was ok. I lowered the bed for the patient as low as it would go, to prevent the patient from falling or injuring himself while climbing into the bed. By doing this I was following the guidelines set out by the health and safety at work act 1972 and carrying out risk assessments to prevent harm to myself or others.Once the patient had got into the bed safely I put the bed side up to prevent him from falling out while he was sleeping, I then gave him his buzzer. Before leaving the room I asked the patient if he would like the room door left open or closed over, by doing this I was promoting the patients right to choice and individuality. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I then left the room and closed the door as the patient had requested, and told the staff nurse in charge of him, that he was now sleeping, and that I had emptied his catheter bag and updated the fluid balance chart.I had to tell the staff nurse that I had left the room, so that if anything happened they knew that I was not there, as I would be accountable for it. Being accountable for my actions is one of the NMC code of conduct and is in line with professional accountability. I think that this task was very fulfilling as I was able to help other staff around me, as well as keep a patient calm. I enjoyed talking to the patient and found it very interesting. It also allowed me to practice keeping patient’s charts up to date. References

Reusing Plastic Bottles Can Pose Serious Health Hazards

Reusing Plastic Bottles Can Pose Serious Health Hazards Most types of plastic bottles are safe to reuse at least a few times if properly washed with hot soapy water. However, recent revelations about some of the toxic chemicals found in Lexan (plastic #7) bottles are enough to prevent even the most committed environmentalists from reusing them- or buying them in the first place. Studies suggest that food and drinks stored in such containers- including those ubiquitous clear water bottles hanging from just about every hiker’s backpack- can contain trace amounts of Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic chemical that may interfere with the body’s natural hormone messaging system. Reused Plastic Bottles Can Leach Toxic Chemicals Repeated re-use of plastic bottles- which get dinged up through normal wear and tear while being washed- increases the chance that chemicals will leak out of the tiny cracks and crevices that develop in the containers over time. According to the Environment California Research Policy Center, which reviewed 130 studies on the topic, BPA has been linked to breast and uterine cancer, increased risk of miscarriage, and decreased testosterone levels. BPA can also wreak havoc on children’s developing systems. (Parents beware: Some baby bottles and sippy cups are made with plastics containing BPA.) Most experts agree that the amount of BPA that could potentially leach into food and drinks through normal handling is probably very small. Nevertheless, there are concerns about the cumulative effect of these small doses over time. Why Plastic Water and Soda Bottles Shouldnt Be Reused Health advocates advise against reusing bottles made from plastic #1 (polyethylene terephthalate, also known as PET or PETE), including most disposable water, soda, and juice bottles. According to The Green Guide, such bottles may be safe for one-time use but reuse should be avoided. Studies indicate that the containers may leach DEHP- another probable human carcinogen- when they are structurally compromised and in less than perfect condition. Millions of Plastic Bottles End Up in Landfills Every year, consumers go through millions of plastic bottles. Fortunately, these containers are easy to recycle and just about every municipal recycling system will take them back. Still, using them is far from environmentally responsible. The nonprofit Berkeley Ecology Center found that the manufacture of plastic #1 not only uses large amounts of energy and resources but also generates toxic emissions and pollutants that contribute to global warming. And even though PET bottles can be recycled, millions of them find their way into landfills every day in the United States alone. Incinerating Plastic Bottles Releases Toxic Chemicals Another bad choice for water bottles, reusable or otherwise, is plastic #3 (polyvinyl chloride/PVC), which can leach hormone-disrupting chemicals into the liquids stored in them and also release synthetic carcinogens into the environment when incinerated. Plastic #6 (polystyrene/PS) has been shown to leach styrene, a probable human carcinogen, into food and drinks as well. Safe Reusable Bottles Do Exist Plastic bottles are not the only reusable containers available to consumers. Safer choices include bottles crafted from HDPE (plastic #2), low-density polyethylene (LDPE, or plastic #4), or polypropylene (PP, or plastic #5). Aluminum and stainless steel water bottles, such as those youll find at online retailers and in many brick-and-mortar natural food markets, are safer choices that can be reused repeatedly and eventually recycled.

The Highest Elevation Points in Each U.S. State

The Highest Elevation Points in Each U.S. State The United States of America is the third-largest country in the world based on population and land area. It has a total area of 3,794,100 square miles divided into 50 states. The topography of the states varies from the flat, low-lying areas of Florida to the rugged mountainous western states like Alaska and Colorado. The Highest Points In the U.S. This list notes the highest point in each state:Â   Alaska: Mount McKinley (or Denali) at 20,320 feet (6,193 m)California: Mount Whitney at 14,495 feet (4,418 m)Colorado: Mount Elbert at 14,433 feet (4,399 m)Washington: Mount Rainier at 14,411 feet (4,392 m)Wyoming: Gannett Peak at 13,804 feet (4,207 m)Hawaii: Mauna Kea at 13,796 feet (4,205 m)Utah: Kings Peak at 13,528 feet (4,123 m)New Mexico: Wheeler Peak at 13,161 feet (4,011 m)Nevada: Boundary Peak at 13,140 feet (4,005 m)Montana: Granite Peak at 12,799 feet (3,901 m)Idaho: Borah Peak at 12,662 feet (3,859 m)Arizona: Humphreys Peak at 12,633 feet (3,850 m)Oregon: Mount Hood at 11,239 feet (3,425 m)Texas: Guadalupe Peak at 8,749 feet (2,667 m)South Dakota: Harney Peak at 7,242 feet (2,207 m)North Carolina: Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet (2,037 m)Tennessee: Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m)New Hampshire: Mount Washington at 6,288 feet (1,916 m)Virginia: Mount Rogers at 5,729 feet (1,746 m)Nebraska: Panorama Point at 5,426 feet (1,654 m)New York: Mount Marcy at 5,344 feet (1,628 m) Maine: Katahdin at 5,268 feet (1,605 m)Oklahoma: Black Mesa at 4,973 feet (1,515 m)West Virginia: Spruce Knob at 4,861 feet (1,481 m)Georgia: Brasstown Bald at 4,783 feet (1,458 m)Vermont: Mount Mansfield at 4,393 feet (1,339 m)Kentucky: Black Mountain at 4,139 feet (1,261 m)Kansas: Mount Sunflower at 4,039 feet (1,231 m)South Carolina: Sassafras Mountain at 3,554 feet (1,083 m)North Dakota: White Butte at 3,506 feet (1,068 m)Massachusetts: Mount Greylock at 3,488 feet (1,063 m)Maryland: Backbone Mountain at 3,360 feet (1,024 m)Pennsylvania: Mount Davis at 3,213 feet (979 m)Arkansas: Magazine Mountain at 2,753 feet (839 m)Alabama: Cheaha Mountain at 2,405 feet (733 m)Connecticut: Mount Frissell at 2,372 feet (723 m)Minnesota: Eagle Mountain at 2,301 feet (701 m)Michigan: Mount Arvon at 1,978 feet (603 m)Wisconsin: Timms Hill at 1,951 feet (594 m)New Jersey: High Point at 1,803 feet (549 m)Missouri: Taum Sauk Mountain at 1,772 feet (540 m)Iowa: Hawkeye Point at 1,670 feet (509 m)Ohio: Campbell Hill at 1,549 feet (472 m) Indiana: Hoosier Hill at 1,257 feet (383 m)Illinois: Charles Mound at 1,235 feet (376 m)Rhode Island: Jerimoth Hill at 812 feet (247 m)Mississippi: Woodall Mountain at 806 feet (245 m)Louisiana: Driskill Mountain at 535 feet (163 m)Delaware: Ebright Azimuth at 442 feet (135 m)Florida: Britton Hill at 345 feet (105 m)

Carry out a full CSR audit and report on Burnley Football Club Essay

Carry out a full CSR audit and report on Burnley Football Club - Essay Example This incorporates the impact of operations directly and also the wider effect of the business ranging from suppliers then to customers and then to the consumers. Moreover CSR also includes the contributions the Company voluntarily makes to community and the wider society. This trend is widely increasing in the sports industry. Nowadays there is greater focus on the CSR by the stakeholders (Argandon?a Ra?miz, 2009). In the world today the discussion is increasing on the issue of the importance of integrating CSR strategies into businesses for real benefits especially in the sports organizations that have various stakeholders associated with them like the football clubs (Brown, Crabbe and Mellor, 2009).The unique position of football clubs for delivering widespread benefits of CSR is debatable. Moreover the call for building the goodwill residue that connects to CSR as their need for planning permission and attraction of negative publicity keeps growing is equally important and arguabl e. The requirement of permission for planning for a different new ground, corruption at top levels, racism amongst footballers etc. propose that all the football clubs need to address the CSR. There are basically four approaches in CSR that are namely political (corporate citizenship idea), instrumental (achievement of economic objectives by social activities), ethical (right things to perform) and integrative (integrating social demands) approaches (McWilliams and Siegel, 2001). It has been found out by recent researches that CSR policies’ effective application by the football clubs can enable the donors and also the variety of stakeholders to take a lot advantages from them. Burnley Football Club A Professional League of Football based in Burnley is known as the Burnley Football Club. The colors of the clubs are blue and claret that were adopted in tribute to leading English football club Aston Villa in 1910. Football League Championship belongs to Burnley twice that is onc e in 1920 and the other in 1960. The club has also once won FA Cup in 1914. This Clubs is a part of the two teams (the second team is Wolverhampton Wanderers) that has won all four top English Football professional divisions. It has been revealed by the recent researches that the need for stakeholder management at club level is constantly increasing and this refers to the maturity and professionalism of the football industry. This change has made the football clubs recognize the expansion in the social, economic and political importance. The importance of financial management is at its place and will always remain important but at the same time management of many other things like stakeholders is very significant for the survival of the club in the long run. Following is the analysis of the club’s stakeholders, how the relationships can be improved, the CSR learning stages in relation to Burnley football club and the assumed policies and vision statement that the club can ado pt. Club’s Stakeholders Stakeholders are those individuals who affect and influence the company. They can be clients, customers, suppliers, investors and employees. The participation of stakeholders in the survival of t

Elisa - Pure Or Not Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elisa - Pure Or Not - Research Paper Example nes, in which Elisa is â€Å"crying weakly – like an old woman.† Filled with pure intentions, Elisa’s actions as she tends her chrysanthemums, talks with the tinker and in her relationship with Henry are all the result of an overpowering sense of isolation and desperate need for a human connection. Elisa’s isolation is quickly discovered as she works on her flower garden. In every way, she is enclosed – physically in her garden space, symbolically away from everyone else around. â€Å"The second noticeable aspect of Elisa Allen is her curiosity. Elisa sees the men talking to her husband and wonders what they are talking about† (Berry, 2007). The affection and tension given to her chrysanthemums indicates the need to connect and the frustration of no connection. Steinbeck tells us, â€Å"The chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her energy,† yet she has the nicest flowers around. Symbolism also suggests isolation since even the weather creates a closed space: â€Å"The high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the [valley] from the sky and all the rest of the world.  Ã‚  On every side it sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the great valley a closed pot.† Elisa’s extreme isolation is also seen as she desperately talks with the tinker, trying to stretch the connection of their conversation as long as she can. The tinker has only stopped at the ranch because he is lost, but she grabs at his feigned interest in her flowers as something to connect her with the outside world. As she kneels on the ground at the tinker’s feet, she seems to be begging for attention more than she is begging for sexual favors. She provides the tinker with some of her precious chrysanthemum shoots and she hurries to dress in â€Å"the dress which was the symbol of her prettiness. She worked carefully on her hair, penciled her eyebrows and rouged her lips.† These are behaviors that Louis Owens (1992) describes as manifestations of her wish to leave the

One Another by Their Morphology Essay Example for Free

One Another by Their Morphology Essay Bacteria can be distinguished from one another by their morphology (size, shape, and staining characteristics). In this lab experiment, bacterial morphology was examined by observing both stained and unstained organisms. A wet mount is a preparation process where a live specimen in culture fluid is placed on a slide and the organism is free to move about. In the wet mount slides provided via LabPaq software with cheek, dental plaque, and yeast specimens were observed. The wet mount preparations were difficult to observe because of poor contrast, however, a common occurrence in the specimens were cells large in size and translucent in color. The slides provided with direct staining using crystal violet gave the most imagining of morphology. The directly stained cells gave off a purplish hue to the cells, making them easier to visualize and classify. The indirect specimens stained with congo red provided translucent cells while others were a brownish red, however, the cellular characteristics were easily distinguishable. There was no experiment provided in which indirect staining using both congo red and crystal violet was undertaken. It may be hypothesized therefore that in this case one may observe both red and purple stains of cells depending upon the negative or positive component of the cell. Staining enhances the visualization of smears and reveals differential characteristics such as morphology. As stated previously, utilizing a wet mount prepared slide, the specimens were difficult to visualize. However, using the staining methods, specific bacterial morphologies were identified. For example, at 100x, a direct stain of yeast returned a cluster of cocci. A stain is a chemical that adheres to structures of the microorganism and in effect dyes the microorganism so the microorganism can be easily seen under a microscope. Stains used in microbiology are either basic (direct) or acidic (indirect). Basic dyes are used for positive or direct staining and the specimen is stained while the background remains clear. Indirect staining is preparing colorless bacteria against a colored background. Acidic dyes are used for negative staining. In the experiments, the smears in each type of staining did not appear different in each type of staining. For example in the direct stain of the check, the cells appeared irregularly round shaped with a nucleus. With the indirect stain, the cheek cells had the same appearance as in the direct stain. The smears were the same, with only enhanced contrast due to staining. This is because staining whether direct or indirect does not change the appearance of the smears, only improves the images. This explains why the smears did not appear different in each type of staining. When observing the cells in the plaque and those in the yeast smears, it can be noted that both contain cocci, however, the cocci in the plaque smears were in chains, whereas the cocci in the yeast smears were in clusters. The cells seen in the smear from the mouth smear yielded large, flat, irregularly shaped cells that contained a nucleus. The cells appeared to be independent of other cells and scattered about. The irregular flat shape of the cell may predict the function of this cell to protect and propel foreign substances to the back of the mouth.

Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor E. Frankl Essay -- concentration ca

The concentration camps that were run by the Nazis during World War II can easily be labeled as one of the most grotesque examples of cruelty in the entire world. The people that were sent to these concentration camps were treated as less than human by the power hungry leaders of the camp. As we have all learned in history classes throughout our lives, the conditions of these camps were blatantly abhorrent, and it is a surprise that people made it out of these camps alive. In his book, Man’s Search for Meaning, Viktor E. Frankl uses his experiences in a concentration camp as an example to his readers that life holds a potential meaning no matter what condition a person is in. In the two parts of his book he analyzes his experiences and the experiences of his comrades in the concentration camps, and then he discusses his personal psychological theory of logotherepy. Together these two sections make up a novel that gives insight to the idea that â€Å"man can preserve a vestige of spiritual freedom, of independence of mind, even in such terrible conditions of psychic and physical stress† (65). In the first section of his book, he describes his experiences in the concentration camps by breaking up the incident into three separate stages that deal with the inmates’ mental reactions to the concentration camps. The first stage inevitably describes the mental reactions that occur immediately after being admitted to the camp. When a first person entered they were either immediately killed by a gas chamber or incinerator, or they were stripped of their every possession, besides their body, and forced into appalling living conditions. According to Frankl, all of the people in the camp felt two initial emotions while entering the camps- humor a... ...t impetus. He proves this idea by saying "a man who becomes conscious of the responsibility he bears [†¦] will never be able to throw away his life† (127). This statement emphasizes the idea that as long as a person has a will to meaning in their life, something to live for, that they will never be so hopeless that they will give up on life. Finally, Frankl’s last main point of logotherapy is that every person has the freedom to find a meaning for their life and then change their life according to this will to meaning. Frankl makes it known that a person can find their meaning by performing an endeavor, being subjected to a value, or by suffering. Overall, Frankl’s theory of logotherapy can be used to help a person overcome the anxiety associated with finding a meaning to their life. Works Cited Frankl, Viktor. Man’s Search for Meaning. Boston: Beacon Press, 2006.

Late Pleistocene Environmental changes

The Pleistocene occurred from about 1.8 million years ago up to 10,000 years ago. During this time frame, early man as well as all species living on Earth at the time was subject to extreme climatic changes which may have shaped their evolution. The late Pleistocene and its transition into the Holocene were marked by extreme climate changes. The Pleistocene was the time of homogenous cold weather throughout the world. However, during the latter part of the Pleistocene, from about 18,000 up to 11,000 years ago, the weather began to warm up, resulting in glacial retreat and marked differences in seasonal temperatures. This increase in temperature was temporarily reversed by a phenomenon called the younger Dryas.(Buchdahl) These changes severely altered the then present ecological systems. Populations were separated, most migrated and some went extinct. The ecological disruption that resulted led to mass mega faunal extinctions, as well as grave evolutionary impacts on surviving species . Which of these changes would have most affected human populations? Most humans during the period were hunter-gatherers, dependent on the flora and fauna of a given area for their primal needs. With the changes in weather, plants, primary producers in the ecosystems populated humans began to die out. The loss of these plants would have led many species of primary consumers to migrate in search of foliage. Since plants, man’s source of sustenance, were dying, and since the animal’s, also dependent on plants were migrating, man then had no choice but to follow their food and themselves migrate. Humans are, as compared to other species, more adaptive to their surroundings. However, the harsh climatic conditions and their variability would have meant that a single generation would have had to adapt to different circumstances. Although not all species are more susceptible to dying out in the circumstances then, the effect of a lost species on an established ecosystem would be disastrous. The loss of megafauna during the times, whether due to over-hunting of the starved humans or as a result of the environmental changes occurring would have led to an imbalance in the system, allowing for an increase in the prey population, most of which feed upon herbage, so that what little herbage at that time which was present was now consumed at a much more rapid rate.(Messer, 2006) The general warming would have led to a new series of established ecosystems. However, the occurrence of the Younger Dryas resulted into a throwback unto glaciations. Ecosystems that were adapting to the warming climate, plants, animals and humans, once more had to adapt to a different set of circumstances. (Buchdahl) Evidence shows that the Younger Dryas, an approximately 1000 year event ended abruptly, in a span of only several decades. This rapid change would have again upset communities and ecosystems. The melting of glaciers resulted in flooding of areas where ecosystems thrived during the ice age. The marked changes in seasonal temperatures again brought upon the extinctions of plants which have already adapted to the previously prevalent cold climate, again resulting in disruptions in ecosystems. The impact of these was felt by man, who where at the top of the food chain. (Messer, 2006) In terms of genetics, the changes brought upon by the migrations of human populations would have led to isolation. This isolation would have then resulted in inbreeding among a single population, further genetically separating one population from another, which could have led to differentiations in terms of race. Do you see parallels with issues of climate change today? The main issue in today’s climate is global warming. The Earth, as expressed from numerous scientific accounts is warming up. This could be seen as a parallel to the late Pleistocene warming that preceded the Younger Dryas. The younger dryas was said to be caused by the influxe of freshwater coming from the melting of glaciers. These freshwaters mixed with established saltwater streams, the resulting change in salinity disrupting the ocean currents that shaped the climate. Like the late Pleistocene, we are now experiencing variations in local weather as well as in over all climate. Extinctions, which lead to disruptions in ecosystems, are at present occurring at alarming rates. What issues are particularly relevant? Man during the late Pleistocene has come a long way to be the man we are today. However, what is still the same is our dependence on the ecosystem that sustains us. It is still plant and animals that provides us sustenance, trees that provides us raw materials and fuel. Marked fluctuations in the weather would lead to disruptions in these ecosystems, which would force us to alter the life we are living at the present in order to adapt. Also, unlike then, our species advances in civilization have introduced a new aspect, economics. No longer would hunter-gatherers, survival, when such a drastic phenomenon occurs, be based on a populations resources at and, dooming those of our species that, in these times, already have nothing to eat, to wear, to shelter in. Similar essay: Summary â€Å"The Environmental Issue from Hell† REFERENCES: Buchdahl, J. Palaeoclimatic Change: The Younger Dryas Event [Electronic Version]. Retrieved June 4 2007 from http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/resources/gcc/5-3-2-1.html. Messer, A. E. (2006). Early Americans faced rapid late Pleistocene climate change and chaotic environments [Electronic Version]. EurekAlert. Retrieved June 4 2007 from http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-02/ps-eaf020606.php.

A passage to India †Symbolism Essay

Analyse the symbol of the mosque to bring out the complex picture of Islam in the novel A Passage to India. Mosque is the holy place for all Mohammedans, and in the Novel ‘A Passage to India’ it has a greater significance. The first part of the novel is named as Mosque. E M Foster has a unique technique to use symbolism to convey the way society, religion, caste and treatment of different class of people. Foster uses mysticism and complexity throughout the novel, yet he also has real interpretation of the journey the characters take from beginning till the end. Similarly, he brings out the qualities which transpire â€Å"what Islam is, and what it means to Aziz?† using mosque as the symbolism. For this purpose, Mosque is not just portrayed as a religious building but also the significance it has to Islam. As a religion which is against iconography, Mosque is unlike the place of worship compared to Christians or Hindus, where there is a painting or idol is present for worship. Instead, in a mausoleum there is none and just a courtyard that points towards Medina. The Mosque and Muslim faith point out that â€Å"There is no God but God†. The complexities build further when Foster writes about Aziz and his attachment to the Mosque in the beginning of the story. When we read that Aziz is walking down the lane towards the Mosque and is thinking of the place, and in his mind the attachment what it bring to him. The Mosque serves as a place in his heart which no one can take it, the place where his mind and soul can rest and be at ease. With all tensions with British in India and the way the religions were colliding leading to multiple ideas, the educated were starting to question the olden ways of the religion. Here the attachment to Mosque and its symbolism provided not only a sense of how the religion stood in current world of Aziz, but it also provided happiness. The Islamic doctrine dictated equality towards all worshippers under God. There was no priesthood hierarchy in the Mosque, but rather the place provided each person with one’s own way of worship. The house of God also designates an unreachable friendship with the God with every follower of Islam. Foster describes using Aziz, as the mosque has indeterminate sentiments towards the faith.

An Analysis of the Fable, Parable, and Tale Essays

An Analysis of the Fable, Parable, and Tale Essays An Analysis of the Fable, Parable, and Tale Paper An Analysis of the Fable, Parable, and Tale Paper Essay Topic: Literature Many parents enjoy reading their children short stories. In these short stories parents’ read their children, besides the instant entertainment, there is an underlying message to educate and perhaps teach a lesson. Some children’s favorite types of short stories are fables, parables, and tales. Many people do not know that these three types of short stories vary greatly in their individual characteristics, the type of story they tell, and their purpose. The fable, parable, and tale all have differentiating characteristics when compared to each other, but are also similar in some ways. The fable, to start, has little detail about the characters it presents, and they can be just about anything the author decides. The structure of fables involve few extra details, as in the short story â€Å"The Appointment in Samarra† by W. Somerset Maugham (Kennedy 4), with his vague description of the servant being, â€Å"†¦white and trembling† at the †threatening gesture† Death made toward him. This is that, fables, for the majority, are simple in their ability to directly state the moral clearly without any extra, unneeded information. This helps set the message of the story to memory. In comparison, parables have characters that are realistic or human like. However, parables do not directly state the moral at the end of the story, but instead leave the story open for interpretation. Lastly, tales have characters that, just like in fables, can be a range of things. This type of short story tends to have more details of events in the story than fables and parables. Tales unlike the other two types of literary forms, rarely have a moral. This type of story’s goal is less for the â€Å"revelation of character† than the â€Å"revelation of the marvelous† (Kennedy 8). Together fables, parables, and tales are all similar in being short stories but are equally different in the same aspects of being short stories. Fable, parables, and tales each differ in how their story is told. Fables are stories that date back to ancient times and were told by word-of-mouth as stated in the anthology. This type of story serves to simply and directly state a message. Parables present stories that have believable realistic situations. As in the story â€Å"Independence† by Chuang Tzu (Kennedy 8), interpreted by Herbert Giles, the situation had realistic aspects with the man being offered a high government position and turning it down. Parables also have a mysterious and suggestive tone about them that further allows the reader to understand the story. Lastly are tales. Tales are sometimes thought to be stories that have been handed down from generation to generation. This type of story is very unrealistic and has strange events that take place throughout it. The fable, parable, and tale are different in how they tell their story but work in their own way. Each the fable, parable, and tale, have a purpose for their stories. First, the fable serves to teach lessons about life. The fable clearly states a message that can be generalized and applied to life. It presents a statement of truth about the message of the short story. There are two good examples. One in W. Somerset Maugham’s â€Å"The Appointment in Samarra† (Kennedy 4) with the moral that you cannot escape death, and the other example in Vernon Jones’ â€Å"The North Wind and the Sun† (Kennedy 5), that persuasion is better than force. The parable serves a similar purpose of teaching a moral just as the fable does, but it instead, uses realistic situations and does not state the moral clearly, thus is open to several interpretations. The parable however can either be literally or with a deeper comprehension of the story, understood. The tale is a story that is mainly used to entertain the reader. Tales range from being fairy tales, tall tales, and folk tales and can be highly exaggerated, mysterious, and surround around the setting of the story. Each of these short stories purpose is of a great use and importance in the development of many people from being young children to adults with the lessons they’ve learned and interpreted, and the stories they can pass down from one generation of children, to another. Together fables, parables, and tales are equally different and similar in their individual characteristics, how they tell their story, and the purpose they serve in the development of young children to adults with lessons and memorable stories to share. The appreciation one can gain from each type of literary forms has lasted throughout many centuries and is continuing on.

Geographic Facts About New Delhi, India

Geographic Facts About New Delhi, India New Delhi is both the capital and center of government of India and is the center of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is located in northern India within the metropolis of Delhi and it is one of the nine districts of Delhi. It has a total area of 16.5 square miles (42.7 sq km) and it is considered one of the fastest growing cities in the world.The city of New Delhi is known for its vulnerability to climate change and global warming (its temperatures are predicted to rise by 2ËšC by 2030 due to its intense growth and industrialization) and a building collapse which killed at least 65 people on November 16, 2010. Top Ten Facts to Know About Indias Capital City New Delhi itself was not established until 1912 when the British moved Indias capital city from Calcutta (now called Kolkata) to Delhi in December 1911. At that time the British government in India decided it wanted to build a new city to serve as its capital which would be adjacent to Delhi and known as New Delhi. New Delhi was completed in 1931 and the old city became known as Old Delhi.In 1947 India gained independence from the British and New Delhi was given some limited independence. At that time it was administered by a Chief Commissioner who was appointed by the Indian government. In 1956, Delhi became a union territory and a Lieutenant Governor began the administration of the region. In 1991 the Constitution Act changed the Union Territory of Delhi to the National Capital Territory of Delhi.Today, New Delhi is located within the  metropolis of Delhi and it still serves as the capital city of India. It is at the center of the nine districts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Commonly, the metropolis of Delhi is known as New Delhi, although New Delhi only officially represents a district or city within Delhi. New Delhi itself is governed by a municipal government that is called the New Delhi Municipal Council, whereas other areas within Delhi are governed by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi.New Delhi today is one of the fastest growing cities in both India and the world. It is the government, commercial and financial center of India. Governmental employees represent a large portion of the citys workforce, while much of the rest of the citys population is employed in the expanding service sector. The main industries in New Delhi include information technology, telecommunications, and tourism.The city of New Delhi had a population of 295,000 in 2001 but metropolitan Delhi had a population of over 13 million. Most of the people living in New Delhi practice Hinduism (86.8%) but there are also large Muslim, Sikh, Jain and Christian communities in the city.New Delhi is located on the Indo-Gangetic Plain in northern India. Since it sits on this plain, most of the city is relatively flat. It is also located in the floodplains of several large rivers, but none of them actually flow through the city. In addition, New Delhi is prone to major earthquakes. The climate of New Delhi is considered humid subtropical and it is highly influenced by the seasonal monsoon. It has long, hot summers and cool, dry winters. The average January low temperature is 45 °F (7 °C) and the average May (the hottest month of the year) high temperature is 102 °F (39 °C). Precipitation is highest in July and August.When it was determined that New Delhi would be built in 1912, the British architect Edwin Lutyens came up with plans for much of the city. As a result, New Delhi is highly planned and it is built around two promenades the Rajpath and Janpath. The Rashtrapati Bhaven or the center of the Indian government is located in the center of New Delhi.New Delhi is also considered a cultural center of India. It has many historic buildings, festivals to go along with holidays like Republic Day and Independence Day as well as many religious festivals. To learn more about New Delhi and metropolitan Delhi, visit the citys  official government website.

Economic Growth and Economic Fluctuations Essay

Economic Growth and Economic Fluctuations - Essay Example The economic theories and models examined would be the Solow Model, the human capital theory and screening model. The effects of governmental policies on the openness of the economy will also be examined here. The data given will serve as guiding force in the determination of the ability of our study country to achieve rapid short-term economic growth and long-term sustenance of a steady rate of growth. When charged with the responsibility of determining the best policy to foster long-term economic growth, it is vital to analyze many economic factors and trends. These factors include the impact of productivity, savings and depreciation on the economy as well as the economy's ability to sustain long-term growth under the given circumstances. In so doing, the Solow Model can serve as a general guidance in determining whether an economy can sustain long-term growth given the present combination of factors. In order to examine this it is vital to offer an operational definition of Solow's model. Solow's model is a model the increase in the capacity of a country's economy to produce goods and services over time. This increase theoretically implies that the well-being of the citizens will improve over time. According to Solow the increase can be determined utilizing a formula whereby the GDP is determined by combinations of inputs. Solow simplifies this very intricate function by presumi ng certain factors are held constant. One of the most fundamental simplifications is the assumption that a single good is produced by the economy in question. In so doing, the GDP is greatly simplified and its implications are clearly depicted. The other assumptions of the Solow model include the assumption that all data is collected on a time continuum, a single good is produced with a constant technology, there is no governmental or international trade, all factors of production are utilized to their full capacity, the growth within the labor force is constant. Utilizing the relationship existent between the savings and the investment and extending the Solow model further, we can assume that the depreciation rate, the amount of capital depreciation and the change in capital over time are held constant. The implications of this are such that in the long-run, we are able to yield a production function whereby Y = AF(K, L). Essentially, it establishes a relationship between capital stock and the economic output. Taking this one step further and assuming that labor input is held constant and there is a positive correlation between changes in capital and output we can see that in time additions to capital stock will yield additions in output. This relationship can be expressed in terms of labor and economic output. In so doing, we can determine the economic output for each individual in the society. The pertinent equation is y=Y/L and can be graphically depicted as follows: The Impact of Savings Rate on Long-term Economic Growth After having examined the production function, we need to examine a prudent question-Is it possible for our country of study to catch up with richer countries and at what rate will it occur In examining that question, we need to realize that according